{"id":4610,"date":"2026-05-27T04:56:22","date_gmt":"2026-05-27T04:56:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/angisan-cm.ro\/?page_id=4610"},"modified":"2026-05-27T05:01:18","modified_gmt":"2026-05-27T05:01:18","slug":"bolile-cardio-vasculare","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/angisan-cm.ro\/index.php\/bolile-cardio-vasculare\/","title":{"rendered":"Bolile cardio-vasculare"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bolile cardiovasculare (BCV) sunt afec\u021biuni ale inimii \u0219i vaselor de s\u00e2nge care includ boala coronarian\u0103 (angin\u0103, infarct), accidentul vascular cerebral, insuficien\u021ba cardiac\u0103, aritmiile, hipertensiunea \u0219i bolile valvulare. Sunt principala cauz\u0103 de mortalitate la nivel mondial, dar multe cazuri pot fi prevenite sau controlate.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ce includ bolile cardiovasculare<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Boal\u0103 coronarian\u0103: \u00eengustarea arterelor inimii de c\u0103tre pl\u0103ci de aterom; poate da durere toracic\u0103 (angin\u0103) sau infarct miocardic.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Accident vascular cerebral (AVC): ischemic (arter\u0103 blocat\u0103) sau hemoragic (rupere de vas).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Insuficien\u021b\u0103 cardiac\u0103: inima nu pompeaz\u0103 eficient; simptome tipice sunt oboseala, dispneea, edemele gleznelor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Aritmii: tulbur\u0103ri de ritm (ex.: fibrila\u021bie atrial\u0103) cu risc de cheaguri \u0219i AVC.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hipertensiune arterial\u0103: \u201euciga\u0219 t\u0103cut\u201d care deterioreaz\u0103 vasele \u0219i organele \u00een timp.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Boli valvulare: \u00eengust\u0103ri (stenoze) sau regurgit\u0103ri ale valvelor inimii.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Boala arterial\u0103 periferic\u0103: circula\u021bie slab\u0103 la picioare, durere la mers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Factori de risc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nemodificabili: v\u00e2rsta, sexul masculin (p\u00e2n\u0103 la menopauz\u0103), istoric familial precoce.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Modificabili (\u021binte principale):\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hipertensiune, LDL-colesterol crescut, diabet\/rezisten\u021b\u0103 la insulin\u0103.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fumat (inclusiv \u021big\u0103ri electronice), sedentarism, obezitate abdominal\u0103.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Diet\u0103 bogat\u0103 \u00een sare, zah\u0103r \u0219i gr\u0103simi trans\/saturate, consum excesiv de alcool.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Stres cronic, somn insuficient, apnee \u00een somn nediagnosticat\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Simptome care trebuie evaluate<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Durere\/str\u00e2ngere \u00een piept la efort sau repaus, iradiat\u0103 \u00een bra\u021b\/g\u00e2t\/maxilar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lips\u0103 de aer, palpita\u021bii, ame\u021beli, le\u0219in.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Umflarea gambelor, cre\u0219tere rapid\u0103 \u00een greutate (reten\u021bie lichide).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sl\u0103biciune brusc\u0103 pe o parte a corpului, vorbire neclar\u0103, asimetrie facial\u0103 (suspiciune AVC \u2013 urgen\u021b\u0103).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Durere la gamb\u0103 la mers care cedeaz\u0103 la repaus (boal\u0103 arterial\u0103 periferic\u0103).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Preven\u021bie \u0219i stil de via\u021b\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Alimenta\u021bie tip mediteranean\u0103: legume, fructe, leguminoase, pe\u0219te, ulei de m\u0103sline; sare &lt;5 g\/zi; minimiza\u021bi ultra-procesatele.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Activitate fizic\u0103: 150\u2013300 min\/s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 efort moderat sau 75\u2013150 min intens, plus 2 zile\/s\u0103pt. exerci\u021bii de for\u021b\u0103.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Renun\u021bare la fumat: orice reducere ajut\u0103, renun\u021barea complet\u0103 scade rapid riscul.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Greutate s\u0103n\u0103toas\u0103: \u021bint\u0103 IMC 20\u201325 \u0219i circumferin\u021b\u0103 abdominal\u0103 &lt;94 cm (b\u0103rba\u021bi), &lt;80 cm (femei).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Somn 7\u20139 ore\/noapte, gestionarea stresului; screening pentru apneea de somn c\u00e2nd exist\u0103 sfor\u0103it pauze de respira\u021bie\/nocturie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Screening \u0219i \u021binte orientative<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tensiune: ideal &lt;130\/80 mmHg la majoritatea adul\u021bilor cu risc; monitorizare la domiciliu util\u0103.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lipide: LDL c\u00e2t mai jos; \u00een preven\u021bie primar\u0103 \u021binte frecvente &lt;100 mg\/dL, iar la risc \u00eenalt\/foarte \u00eenalt &lt;70 sau &lt;55 mg\/dL conform ghidurilor curente.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Glicemie\/HbA1c: depistarea \u0219i controlul diabetului\/pre-diabetului.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Evaluare risc global: scoruri precum SCORE2 pentru estimarea riscului la 10 ani; frecven\u021b\u0103 evaluare: la 1\u20132 ani sau mai des la risc crescut.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Diagnostic \u0219i investiga\u021bii<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ECG, ecografie cardiac\u0103, analize (profil lipidic, glicemie, markeri inflamatori selectiv).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Teste de efort, monitorizare Holter (ritm\/tensiune), CT coronarian, RMN cardiac c\u00e2nd e indicat.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pentru AVC: CT\/RMN cerebral urgent, ecografie Doppler carotidian\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tratament pe scurt<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Modific\u0103ri de stil de via\u021b\u0103 + medicamente \u021bintite:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hipertensiune: diuretice tiazidice, blocante canal calciu, IECA\/ARA, beta\u2011blocante dup\u0103 caz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dislipidemie: statine \u00b1 ezetimib; la risc foarte \u00eenalt, inhibitori PCSK9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Diabet: metformin; SGLT2\/GLP\u20111 aduc beneficii cardiovasculare la mul\u021bi pacien\u021bi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Antiplachetare\/anticoagulare: aspirin\u0103 dup\u0103 infarct\/stent; anticoagulant \u00een fibrila\u021bie atrial\u0103 pe baza scorurilor de risc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Insuficien\u021b\u0103 cardiac\u0103: combina\u021bii moderne (IECA\/ARNI, beta\u2011blocant, MRA, SGLT2).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Interven\u021bional\/chirurgical: angioplastie cu stent, bypass, TAVI, abla\u021bii pentru aritmii, reparare\/\u00eenlocuire valve c\u00e2nd este necesar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reabilitare cardiac\u0103: program ghidat de exerci\u021bii, educa\u021bie \u0219i suport \u2013 reduce recuren\u021bele \u0219i \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021be\u0219te calitatea vie\u021bii.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Semne de urgen\u021b\u0103 \u2013 sun\u0103 imediat la 112<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le\u0219in prelungit, palpita\u021bii cu ame\u021beal\u0103 sever\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Durere toracic\u0103 intens\u0103 &gt;5\u201310 minute, dispnee sever\u0103, transpira\u021bii reci, grea\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Semne de AVC: fa\u021b\u0103 c\u0103zut\u0103, sl\u0103biciune pe o parte, vorbire anormal\u0103, instalate brusc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"722\" height=\"430\" src=\"https:\/\/angisan-cm.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Bolile-cardio-vasculare.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4614\" srcset=\"https:\/\/angisan-cm.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Bolile-cardio-vasculare.jpg 722w, https:\/\/angisan-cm.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Bolile-cardio-vasculare-300x179.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 722px) 100vw, 722px\" \/><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bolile cardiovasculare (BCV) sunt afec\u021biuni ale inimii \u0219i vaselor de s\u00e2nge care includ boala coronarian\u0103 (angin\u0103, infarct), accidentul vascular cerebral, insuficien\u021ba cardiac\u0103, aritmiile, hipertensiunea \u0219i bolile valvulare. Sunt principala cauz\u0103 de mortalitate la nivel mondial, dar multe cazuri pot fi prevenite sau controlate. Ce includ bolile cardiovasculare Factori de risc Simptome care trebuie evaluate Preven\u021bie<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4610","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/angisan-cm.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4610","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/angisan-cm.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/angisan-cm.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/angisan-cm.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/angisan-cm.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4610"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/angisan-cm.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4610\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4615,"href":"https:\/\/angisan-cm.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4610\/revisions\/4615"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/angisan-cm.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4610"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}